Coverage
In the press
Selected coverage of the paper across business media, trade press, SEO & marketing outlets, and research blogs — 125+ reports in 11 languages since October 2025. Links open on the publishers' sites.
Featured coverage
Featured coverage
A Bloomberg Opinion column built around the study: shoppers arriving via ChatGPT are among the least likely to buy — below paid and organic search, referrals and affiliates — though the column stresses the gap is steadily narrowing.
A feature by Prof. Stefano Puntoni (Wharton) on the two AI revolutions in marketing — consumers researching brands through chatbots, and consumers delegating purchases to AI agents — and how companies should respond.
A trade analysis presenting the study as evidence that ChatGPT still converts e-commerce shoppers poorly versus established channels, while flagging the steady month-over-month improvement as the reason to keep watching.
A search-industry news report on the study, leading with ChatGPT converting below Google search, email and affiliate links at ~0.2% of sessions — and, with the trend pointing up, making the case to test and learn now.
A marketing-trade report walking through the study's results — the affiliate and organic-search conversion gaps and the consumer-trust deficit behind them — with OpenAI's Instant Checkout flagged as a possible catalyst.
A retail-trade news report on the study, finding organic LLM traffic underperforms every channel except paid social on conversion, order value and revenue per session — with lower bounce rates but no parity to organic search expected within a year.
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Business & national news 14
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Harvard Business Review· 2026AI Is Upending Marketing on Two Fronts
A feature by Prof. Stefano Puntoni (Wharton) on the two AI revolutions in marketing — consumers researching brands through chatbots, and consumers delegating purchases to AI agents — and how companies should respond.
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BusinessMirror· 2026ChatGPT and its role in the e-commerce landscape: Are people buying via Instant Checkout?
A business-press feature that draws on the study to ask whether ChatGPT's Instant Checkout is translating into purchases, and concludes LLM traffic is still tiny and converts below nearly every other channel.
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markenartikel· 2026ChatGPT verändert den E-Commerce langsamer als erwartet
A German brand-marketing trade magazine reporting the study, headlined "ChatGPT is changing e-commerce more slowly than expected" — AI won't reshape online retail in the short term, with ChatGPT still trailing most established channels.
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Treasury Today· 2026Press release: Where ChatGPT already works in online shopping – and where it does not
A corporate-treasury trade publication carrying the study's press release in full — ChatGPT can already create value for complex, information-intensive purchases while LLM traffic stays under 0.2% — noting platforms' instant-checkout and agentic-shopping moves as the next stage.
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iMittelstand· 2026New study: Where ChatGPT already works in online shopping – and where it does not
A German SME business briefing built around the study, bringing to Mittelstand retail and innovation decision-makers its core finding that ChatGPT adds genuine value for complex, information-intensive products yet stays minimal for simple purchases, trailing established channels on conversion today.
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Life Technology· 2026ChatGPT Emerges as Potential Google Rival in E-Commerce
A technology-news feature on the study framing ChatGPT as an emerging Google rival in e-commerce — already strong for complex, information-rich purchase decisions, with its broader impact still concentrated in high-value use cases for now.
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Digital Magazin· 2026KI statt Kategoriebaum: ChatGPT Shopping Research und die neue Produktsuche im E-Commerce
A digital-business explainer that draws on the study's finding that organic-LLM traffic sits under ~0.2% of e-commerce sessions to give retailers a five-step reality check on ChatGPT's shopping-research feature, noting AI product search matters most for complex, high-margin categories.
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Bloomberg· 2025ChatGPT Is a Bad Personal Shopper – But It's Learning
A Bloomberg Opinion column built around the study: shoppers arriving via ChatGPT are among the least likely to buy — below paid and organic search, referrals and affiliates — though the column stresses the gap is steadily narrowing.
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Bloomberg· 2025AI-Powered PR Could Doom a CEO
A Bloomberg Opinion column on the risks of using generative AI for corporate communications — inauthentic messaging, missing crisis judgment, hallucinations — that points to the study as a sign of AI's still-limited real-world commercial impact.
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Morning Consult· 20252026 Lookahead: Expect Diverging Consumer Sentiment, Trading Down and AI to Impact Retail
A 2026 retail forecast that cites the study to argue AI chatbots are not yet meaningful shopping tools, trailing every traditional channel except paid social.
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The Business of Fashion· 2025ChatGPT Is a Bad Personal Shopper, But It's Learning
The Business of Fashion's edition of the Bloomberg Opinion column built on the study — shoppers arriving via ChatGPT are among the least likely to buy, below paid and organic search and affiliates, though the column stresses the gap is steadily narrowing.
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Bloomberg Línea· 2025ChatGPT quer virar assistente de compras, mas taxa de conversão ainda decepciona
A report from Bloomberg's Latin-American edition built around the study, weighing ChatGPT's bid to become a shopping assistant against still-disappointing conversion even as it commands over 90% of all AI-referred e-commerce traffic.
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SmartCompany· 2025ChatGPT not yet a 'Google killer' for e-commerce brands
A business report on the study calling ChatGPT "not yet a Google killer," with an Australian data cut and the finding that it trails every channel except paid social while improving as in-app shopping rolls out.
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PuroMarketing· 2025Los retos de la IA en el ecommerce: ChatGPT genera tráfico, pero aún no ventas
A Spanish-language e-commerce feature that draws on the study to spotlight a paradox: despite the traffic ChatGPT sends to retailers, its conversion still trails Google organic search and email, with affiliate links converting 86% more and LLM traffic only ~0.2% of sessions.
Retail & e-commerce trade 21
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Modern Retail· 2026Marketplace Briefing: Why ChatGPT checkout could take a bite out of Walmart's $4 billion ad business
A retail-trade briefing on how ChatGPT's checkout could pressure Walmart's ad business that cites the study — ChatGPT referrals converting far worse than traditional channels — as why the threat is real but not yet immediate.
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Practical Ecommerce· 2026Mixed Reports on AI Ecommerce Traffic
An analysis that sets the study against upbeat vendor numbers, showing the optimism comes from reading aggregate AI traffic rather than channel-specific data, and lays out the study's channel-by-channel conversion gaps.
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Fibre2Fashion· 2026Complex purchases boost ChatGPT's value in online shopping: Study
A trade-press report on the study, foregrounding its product-category nuance — ChatGPT can already add value for complex, information-heavy purchases but trails most channels for standard products, at under 0.2% of traffic with conversion trending up.
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Ecommerce News ES· 2026¿La IA ya trae clientes a tu ecommerce? Los datos dicen cosas muy distintas según a quién preguntes
A Spanish e-commerce trade analysis weighing conflicting AI-traffic claims that treats the study as the rigorous reference point, citing its finding that ChatGPT moves under 0.2% of total traffic, roughly 200× below organic search, despite vendor hype.
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EcommerceGuide· 2026Ecommerce Statistics 2026: AI, LLMs, and Agentic Commerce
A statistics roundup that uses the study as a reality check against optimistic vendor conversion claims, citing oLLM's sub-0.2% traffic share and its gaps to affiliate and organic search.
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eMarketer· 2025ChatGPT's influence on ecommerce sales is minimal—for now
A trade analysis presenting the study as evidence that ChatGPT still converts e-commerce shoppers poorly versus established channels, while flagging the steady month-over-month improvement as the reason to keep watching.
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Digital Commerce 360· 2025Study: ChatGPT traffic, sales referrals still trail traditional digital channels
A retail-trade news report on the study, finding organic LLM traffic underperforms every channel except paid social on conversion, order value and revenue per session — with lower bounce rates but no parity to organic search expected within a year.
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Digiday· 2025E-commerce sites see low sales from ChatGPT traffic, new study finds
A marketing-trade report walking through the study's results — the affiliate and organic-search conversion gaps and the consumer-trust deficit behind them — with OpenAI's Instant Checkout flagged as a possible catalyst.
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Digiday Japan· 2025トラフィックを促進するが、売上にはまだつながらないChatGPT
A Japanese-language report on the study: minimal traffic share, an 86% conversion gap to affiliate links and a ~13% gap to organic search, with consumer trust as the central barrier.
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Modern Retail· 2025E-commerce sites see low sales from ChatGPT traffic, study finds
An in-depth report on the study with independent analyst and retailer reaction — including the line that there's "so much noise about AI agents… and so little data."
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DMEXCO· 2025ChatGPT Drives Traffic, But Not Sales
An industry report on the study that foregrounds the affiliate and organic-search conversion gaps and draws three responses for early movers: build trust, lead with emotion, and rethink attribution.
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OnlinehändlerNews / Händlerbund· 2025ChatGPT bringt Traffic, aber kaum Conversions
A German trade report on the study citing the ~13% gap to organic search and quoting Prof. Schulze, framing conversion efficiency and consumer trust as the twin barriers.
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ecommercenews.pl· 2025ChatGPT generuje ruch, ale nie sprzedaż. Nowe wyzwania dla e-commerce
A Polish e-commerce report on the study examining why ChatGPT dominates AI traffic yet shows a ~13% conversion gap to organic search at ~200× smaller volume, quoting Prof. Schulze on the trust deficit.
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E-Pepper· 2025Исследование: eCommerce-сайты демонстрируют низкие продажи из-за трафика ChatGPT
A Russian-language news report on the study, noting that across 973 sites and $20 billion in revenue ChatGPT referrals convert worse than every channel except paid social — 86% below affiliate and ~13% below organic search.
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Affiverse Media· 2025The AI Traffic Lie: Why ChatGPT E-Commerce Referrals Are Failing to Live Up to the Hype
A pointed analysis using the study to puncture "AI commerce revolution" hype: ChatGPT referrals underperform almost every channel (affiliate links convert 86% better), sit at ~0.2% of sessions, and skew to smaller baskets.
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NewEcom AI· 2025The ChatGPT Paradox: Why Your Most Educated Customers Convert the Least
An analysis built on the study's "paradox" — well-matched ChatGPT shoppers converting at roughly half the rate of organic search — making the case for on-site conversational AI as the fix.
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Shopbetreuung· 2025ChatGPT im E-Commerce: Viel Traffic, geringe Conversion
A German e-commerce report on the study emphasizing that ChatGPT traffic is ~200× smaller than Google's and converts well below organic search, pointing merchants back to SEO and Google Ads.
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Worldef News· 2025ChatGPT Traffic Underperforms Google in E-Commerce Study
A trade-news report on the study, noting ChatGPT drove under 0.2% of sessions across the dataset and trailed Google organic on conversion.
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Sociapa News· 2025ChatGPT and LLM Referrals Grow but Convert Worse Than Google Search Today
A report on the study's one-year results, emphasizing the growth trajectory alongside the persistent gaps to affiliate and organic-search channels.
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Retail Media FC· 2025Os LLMs são uma ameaça existencial à Retail Media?
A Brazilian retail-media analysis using the study's figures to weigh whether LLMs threaten retail media, arguing the risk is structural and long-term rather than immediate, with month-over-month growth as the signal to watch.
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EcomHub· 2025Почему ChatGPT почти не даёт трафика и плохо конвертирует
A Russian e-commerce outlet's in-depth explainer anchored on the study, dissecting why ChatGPT sends so little traffic and converts so poorly through the 50,000-versus-164-million transaction gulf, the roughly 200× deficit to Google, and a consumer trust gap.
Search, SEO & martech 38
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Merca2.0· 2026ChatGPT impulsa el tráfico, pero no las ventas: el dilema del eCommerce con la IA
A Mexican marketing analysis built around the study's central paradox — that ChatGPT drives engaged, exploratory traffic yet converts 13% below organic search and 86% below affiliate links — framing the AI dilemma as winning interest but not yet shoppers' trust.
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Marketeer· 2026Quando o tema é vender, o ChatGPT desperta a curiosidade, mas é o Google que ainda fecha o negócio
A Portuguese marketing-magazine feature built around the study's discovery-versus-purchase split, arguing ChatGPT sparks curiosity and longer browsing while Google still closes the sale, with AI sessions at just 0.2% of the total and trailing organic conversion by 13%.
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PPC Land· 2026ChatGPT sends 190x less traffic than Google despite 12% search volume
A search-marketing news analysis finding ChatGPT handles 12% of Google's search volume yet sends 190 times less traffic, using the study's 973-website, $20 billion e-commerce dataset — referrals converting above only paid social — to show quality varies by vertical.
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Position Digital· 2026AI SEO Statistics for 2026
A statistics roundup that includes the study among 150+ AI-SEO data points, citing ChatGPT referrals' lower conversion and revenue per session versus Google organic and paid search.
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QuickSEO· 2026ChatGPT vs Perplexity for AI Visibility in 2026: Citations, Traffic, and Conversion Compared
A guide comparing ChatGPT and Perplexity as traffic sources, citing the study's ~13% conversion gap to Google organic as a check on AI-channel optimism.
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SearchTides· 2026LLM Attribution for E-Commerce: Which Models Drive Traffic & Sales
A practitioner guide arguing last-click attribution misses LLM-influenced journeys, citing the study among its sources in the case for multi-touch measurement adapted to AI traffic.
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DirJournal· 2026ChatGPT vs. Perplexity vs. Gemini: Which LLMs Drive Real Conversions? (2026 Data)
A myth-busting comparison of how the major LLMs convert that leans on the study as its academic anchor, setting ChatGPT's below-channel conversion against a wider Perplexity and Gemini comparison.
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COSEOM· 2026LLM Traffic vs. Organic Search: What the Data Says About Conversions and the Future of SEO
An SEO analysis of LLM traffic versus organic search that draws on the study's figures — 50,000 ChatGPT versus 164 million traditional transactions — to argue LLM referrals still convert below search, while weighing what it means for the future of SEO.
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Erlin AI· 2026ChatGPT Shopping Research: What It Is & How Retailers Use It
A retail-marketing explainer on ChatGPT shopping research that cites the study's analysis of 973 sites and $20 billion in revenue to temper expectations, noting its findings contradict assumptions of LLM superiority, with affiliate links 86% more likely to convert than ChatGPT referrals and organic search ahead by roughly 13%.
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LogicRanking· 2026Analyse des performances du trafic ChatGPT par rapport à Google
A French-language SEO analysis that draws on the study to compare ChatGPT referral traffic against Google, stressing that organic-LLM traffic is only ~0.2% of sessions and converts below organic search by ~13% and affiliate by 86%, though it is gradually improving.
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Technical SEO News· 2026Six new studies measured AI traffic conversions, they all disagreed
An SEO analysis of six conflicting AI-traffic conversion studies that frames the study as the sole peer-reviewed entry, noting its 12 months of data from 973 sites and $20 billion in revenue, with 50,000 ChatGPT transactions converting below organic search, affiliate, paid search, and email.
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Trimrly· 2026LLMs vs. Google Search: The Battle for Conversion Quality
A digital-marketing analysis that reconciles seemingly conflicting LLM-conversion findings and cites the study's large scale (973 sites, $20 billion in revenue, 50,000+ ChatGPT versus 164 million traditional transactions) for its conclusion that ChatGPT underperformed every traditional channel except paid social on conversion, order value, and revenue per session.
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SEO Riddler· 2026Does Traffic From LLMs Convert Better?
An SEO newsletter analysis that uses the study's finding that ChatGPT referrals bounce less yet convert above only paid social to argue LLM visitors resemble low-intent push traffic, advising that search strategy stay focused on Google.
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VozAI· 2026AI Shopping Channel Showdown 2026: ChatGPT vs Google AI Mode vs Perplexity
A four-way comparison of ChatGPT, Google AI Mode, Perplexity, and Copilot as AI shopping channels, using the study's ~0.2%-of-sessions baseline and ~13% conversion gap to organic search to temper the hype.
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SERPs.io· 2026AI Search Traffic Converts 23x Higher Than Organic (With One Big Exception)
An SEO-platform data roundup arguing AI search visitors convert up to 23x higher than Google organic, with the study's 973-website, $20 billion dataset and ~13% conversion gap to organic search supplying the headline e-commerce exception.
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Bruce Clay· 2026LLM vs Motori di Ricerca: quale traffico converte?
An SEO firm's commentary arguing that search engines still dominate purchases while LLMs mostly aid research, drawing on the study's finding that ChatGPT referrals bring 200× less traffic than Google organic and convert below traditional channels.
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Search Engine Land· 2025ChatGPT, LLM referrals convert worse than Google Search: Study
A search-industry news report on the study, leading with ChatGPT converting below Google search, email and affiliate links at ~0.2% of sessions — and, with the trend pointing up, making the case to test and learn now.
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Ahrefs· 2025The ChatGPT Traffic Playbook: How to Track, Measure, and Grow
A playbook for growing ChatGPT referral traffic that flags e-commerce as the exception, citing the study's finding that those referrals convert worse there.
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Bruce Clay· 2025LLMs vs. Search Engines: Who's Winning?
An SEO commentary arguing search engines still dominate while LLMs serve research over conversion, citing the study's 200×-smaller traffic and below-channel conversion.
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Leptidigital· 2025Étude : le trafic organique des LLM est-il vraiment qualitatif ?
A French analysis of the study asking whether organic LLM traffic is genuinely high quality — conversion and revenue per session lag, but a lower bounce rate signals real interest — positioning ChatGPT as a maturing discovery layer worth testing.
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PPC Land· 2025ChatGPT traffic underperforms Google in e-commerce study
A data-led news report on the study, reproducing the dataset and key conversion figures and framing ChatGPT as underperforming but not unsuitable as the channel matures.
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Web担当者Forum· 2025生成AIトラフィック、実は低CVR? LLMによる購入決定の効果測定はまだ厳しいか
A Japanese digital-marketing analysis leading with the study to argue ChatGPT is "not a Google killer," while flagging the open question of AI's possible indirect influence on purchases.
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SEO Südwest· 2025E-Commerce-Studie: ChatGPT liegt bei wichtigen Kennzahlen hinter anderen Kanälen zurück
A German SEO report on the study covering the dataset and methodology in full, including the authors' caveat that their findings differ from some industry reports for methodological reasons.
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Tech3Arabi· 2025ChatGPT ينمو كمصدر لحركة التجارة الإلكترونية لكنه لا يزال أقل تأثيراً على المبيعات
An Arabic-language technology-news article reporting the study's central contrast — ChatGPT is a growing e-commerce traffic source across 973 sites and $20 billion in revenue, yet converts below nearly every traditional channel — and attributing the gap to limited user trust.
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PositionZero· 2025ChatGPT convertit moins que Google Search en e-commerce
A French SEO report on the study: ChatGPT drives just 0.2% of e-commerce traffic and converts below organic search and affiliates because shoppers research with AI but buy elsewhere.
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Smart Lemon· 2025Logfile-Analyse für LLMs und KI-Crawler
A German SEO guide to reading server logfiles to understand AI crawlers, citing the study among its sources on AI-traffic conversion.
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SMK· 2025[Study] How Does ChatGPT & LLM Traffic Convert?
A practitioner breakdown of the study that distils it into a test-and-learn playbook — track AI referral traffic, don't yet prioritize budget — with concrete tracking and content tips.
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Relevant Audience· 2025Why ChatGPT Traffic Converts Worse Than Google Search
An SEO breakdown of the study attributing the conversion gap to trust and attribution, and recommending gradual AI optimization alongside continued investment in proven channels.
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Kopp Online Marketing· 2025ChatGPT Referrals to E-Commerce Websites
A research digest of the study's core finding and 12-month trends — rising conversion and revenue per session, falling order value.
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MondeTech· 2025Étude : Trafic Organique LLM Est-Il Qualitatif ?
A French report on the study noting lower conversion versus organic search but a lower bounce rate as a sign of genuine engagement among AI-referred visitors.
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Expert SEO Consulting· 2025ChatGPT Shopping Links: Is AI the New King of E-Commerce Traffic?
An SEO analysis of the study explaining why ChatGPT traffic underperforms — beating only paid social — and noting only a small share of ChatGPT conversations involve purchasable products.
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Marketing Max· 2025Study: ChatGPT referrals convert worse than Google Search
A marketing-insights brief on the study — ChatGPT referrals at ~0.2% of sessions, converting below affiliate and organic search — concluding LLM traffic won't rival Google soon, though the gap is narrowing.
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Mobile Marketing Reads· 2025ChatGPT boosts e-commerce traffic but lags in sales conversion, study finds
A digital-marketing news report on the study — ChatGPT drives e-commerce traffic but trails on sales, converting below most established channels at ~0.2% of sessions, with the gap narrowing over the year.
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Digital Information World· 2025AI Assistants Send Shoppers to Retailers, but Sales Still Belong to Google
A digital-news report built on the study — AI assistants send shoppers to retailers but the sales still go to Google, with ChatGPT at ~0.2% of sessions and converting below traditional channels across the 50,000-vs-164-million-transaction dataset.
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AdsMarket· 2025Los retos de la IA en el ecommerce: ChatGPT genera tráfico, pero aún no ventas
A Spanish-language e-commerce news feature that reports on the study to highlight a paradox: despite the notable referral traffic ChatGPT sends to retail sites, it sits at the bottom for conversion, trailing organic search, email, and affiliate links across 973 sites with ~$20 billion in revenue.
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Adtech México· 2025Retos de IA en eCommerce: ChatGPT genera tráfico pero falta conversión
A Spanish-language e-commerce marketing feature that draws on the study's finding that ChatGPT referrals drive top-of-funnel traffic but convert below nearly every traditional channel, arguing the fix is conversion-rate optimization—better checkout, copy, and lead qualification—rather than simply chasing more AI traffic.
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DailyBlogWriting· 2025ChatGPT Shopping Traffic Growing, but Google Still Dominates Conversions
An SEO e-commerce news report that draws on the study to argue ChatGPT is driving growing retail traffic yet still trails Google Search on conversions, highlighting that its ~0.2% of sessions is roughly 200 times smaller than organic search and converts 13% below it.
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HeadTopics· 2025ChatGPT impulsa el tráfico, pero no las ventas: el dilema del eCommerce con la IA
A Spanish-language marketing feature that draws on the study to frame e-commerce's traffic-versus-conversion dilemma, noting AI referrals are only ~0.2% of sessions and convert below traditional channels (86% affiliate, ~13% organic-search gaps) because shoppers arrive to discover, not yet to buy.
Agency & analyst commentary 46
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Proctor + Stevenson· 2026How is AI really changing search?
A marketing-agency explainer on how AI is reshaping search that links the study as evidence, citing ChatGPT's lower conversion versus Google organic to argue AI discovery hasn't displaced search yet.
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NateCue· 2026Agentic Commerce: The $5T Funnel Collapse Marketers Must Plan For
An agentic-commerce piece that sets the study's figures — an 86% conversion gap to affiliate links, under 0.2% of traffic — against bullish adoption forecasts to argue the shift is real but slower than hyped.
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Hexagon· 2026Agentic Commerce Statistics 2026: Every Number You Need to Know
An agentic-commerce statistics compilation that draws on the study for oLLM's sub-0.2% share of sessions and its 86% conversion gap to affiliate links.
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Classy Llama· 2026Agentic Commerce for Industrial B2B – What, When, & How
A B2B agentic-commerce guide for industrial manufacturers that engages the same rise in ChatGPT-referred shopping traffic the study examines, arguing the near-term payoff lies in AI-mediated discovery — making product specs legible to LLMs so a brand lands on the buyer's "Day One shortlist" — rather than in fully autonomous purchasing agents.
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Dralys· 2026Mixed Reports on AI Ecommerce Traffic
An e-commerce analysis that draws on the study to counterbalance bullish vendor claims about AI-referred shoppers, citing its finding that ChatGPT drives ~0.2% of sessions and converts below most channels (~13% below organic search, 86% below affiliate) across 973 sites and $20 billion in orders.
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Goodie· 2026Agentic Commerce Guide: Winning Google UCP & OpenAI ACP
A B2B agentic-commerce strategy guide that touches on the same ChatGPT-driven shopping shift the study examines, arguing the real contest is product discoverability and breaking down the UCP-versus-ACP protocol split, ChatGPT Instant Checkout, and why Google's Shopping Graph and distribution give it a structural edge.
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Ohh Rex Dino Design· 2026Mixed Reports on AI Ecommerce Traffic
A retail-trade analysis that draws on the study to temper upbeat AI-acquisition claims, citing its finding that ChatGPT is under ~0.2% of e-commerce sessions and converts about 13% below organic search and 86% below affiliate across 973 sites and $20 billion in orders.
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RampIQ· 2026ChatGPT vs Google as Your Leads and Traffic Source
A B2B agentic-commerce analysis that draws on the study to argue ChatGPT trails Google on volume but sends higher-intent visitors, citing the study's finding that ChatGPT made up ~0.2% of sessions across 973 sites and converts below organic search, email, and affiliate for impulse retail.
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Stellagent· 2026Where ChatGPT Shopping Works and Where It Fails: A Frankfurt School Study of 973 E-Commerce Sites
An e-commerce analysis that draws on the study to map where ChatGPT shopping works and where it fails, reporting it stays under ~0.2% of sessions and converts ~13% below organic search and 86% behind affiliate, yet outperforms traditional channels in complex categories.
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Stellagent (日本語)· 2026ChatGPTでの買い物はどこで機能しどこで失敗するか、フランクフルト大学が973サイトを実証分析
A Japanese-language e-commerce analysis that draws on the study to map where ChatGPT shopping works and where it fails, highlighting that LLM referrals stay under ~0.2% of sessions and convert below most traditional channels (~13% below organic search, 86% below affiliate) yet outperform them in complex categories such as autos and finance.
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upGrowth· 2026AI Shopping and D2C Traffic 2026: The Honest Data
A D2C growth strategy piece that draws on the study to separate AI-shopping hype from reality, citing its finding across 973 sites that organic LLM traffic sits at ~0.2% of sessions and converts below every traditional channel except paid social, with affiliate links converting 86% more often.
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Victorino LLC· 2026164 Million Purchases Exposed AI Traffic's Conversion Problem
A marketing-operations analysis that draws on the study to argue AI-referred traffic is a tiny, weaker acquisition channel, reporting it accounts for ~0.2% of sessions across 973 sites and converts well below organic search and affiliate, and reframing it as middle-funnel research traffic.
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Victorino (Brasil)· 2026164 Milhões de Compras Revelaram o Problema de Conversão do Tráfego de IA
A Portuguese-language marketing-governance analysis arguing AI-search strategy runs on hype rather than evidence, citing the study's 164 million purchases across 973 sites to show ChatGPT referrals are ~0.2% of sessions, convert below organic search and affiliates, and belong in the middle funnel.
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Xpert.Digital· 2026GEO zwischen Hype und Hybris: Die ökonomische Anatomie eines Buzzwords
A German-language industry analysis dissecting the GEO buzzword as largely repackaged SEO, citing the study's finding that ChatGPT traffic converts and earns per session below organic search, email, and affiliate to deflate claims of vastly superior LLM conversion.
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Elogic· 2026ChatGPT Commerce & Agentic Shopping Statistics 2026
An agentic-commerce statistics compilation citing the ~0.2% oLLM traffic share and 164 million traditional-channel transactions to explain why fast-growing AI referral traffic is not yet a primary retail channel.
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iPullRank· 2025AI Search to Sale: What the Data Reveals About AI Search Ecommerce Behavior
An SEO agency's guide to optimizing product data for AI search, citing the study's upward conversion trend as reason to invest in AI-channel readiness.
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The Martech Weekly· 2025TMW #254 — AI Decisioning is driving the convergence of CDPs and CEPs
A martech newsletter on CDP/CEP convergence that surfaces the study's headline finding — organic LLM traffic trails all channels except paid social — as a notable data point.
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Ben's Bites· 2025Grok vs Wikipedia
An AI newsletter that flags the study's finding that LLM organic traffic is "not just low quantity, but low quality," underperforming everything except paid social.
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MetaRouter· 2025Agentic Commerce in 2025: What We Learned
A year-in-review on agentic commerce that uses the study's traffic-share and affiliate-gap figures to argue data quality and infrastructure are the real competitive moats.
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Mindbox· 2025KI-Suche: Wie Trust zum Conversion-Treiber wird
A German piece on generative-engine optimization that uses the study's conversion gaps to argue visibility in AI search isn't enough without trust, building a three-pillar framework around it.
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Roberto Serra· 2025ChatGPT non fa vendere: Google resta il re delle conversioni
An Italian strategy piece that builds on the study to argue AI rewards off-site authority over evergreen content, pairing the underperformance data with the case for earned reputation.
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Complete AI Training· 2025ChatGPT referrals are rising, but still no match for search in ecommerce
A summary of the study framing ChatGPT as an "emerging assist channel" trailing all channels except paid social, and suggesting a 5–10% experimental budget while search stays primary.
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BMON· 2025The problem with AI search conversions
A UK analysis of the study explaining the conversion gap behaviorally — shoppers research via AI then verify and buy through traditional search — an early discovery layer that "hasn't yet learned how to sell."
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AI for Ecommerce & Amazon Sellers· 2025ChatGPT Sucks At Selling (But There's A Plot Twist)
A newsletter analysis treating the study's weak numbers as the "before" of an impending shift, arguing OpenAI's in-app checkout could reshape ChatGPT's conversion within a year.
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DigitrendZ· 2025ChatGPT, LLM Referrals Underperform Google Search: Study
A news summary of the study's headline statistics, read as a cue for marketers to start building LLM strategies now while traffic is still small.
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iTech Manthra· 2025ChatGPT LLM Referrals Convert Worse Than Google Search: Study
A consultant's post that takes the study's finding that ChatGPT converts worse than Google as the backdrop for an 80/20 split between SEO and AI optimization.
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7thSENSE· 2025AI Commerce Tipps: ChatGPT bringt Klicks, aber kaum Sales
A German agency report on the study, citing the full dataset and metrics and concluding AI commerce is emerging but calls for better website-data optimization rather than channel replacement.
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Paul Morris· 2025oLLM eCommerce analysis – 2025
An independent analysis of the study arguing against disruption narratives — oLLM lags organic search and stays marginal but improves steadily — and advising measured preparation.
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Slade· 2025Istraživanje: ChatGPT konverzije i dalje 13% manje nego s Googlea
A Croatian SEO write-up of the study reporting a ~13% conversion gap to Google at ~0.2% of traffic, urging brands to measure first-click as well as last-click to credit AI's discovery role.
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Advox Studio· 2025What is the Agentic Commerce Protocol (ACP)?
An Agentic Commerce Protocol implementation guide that cites the study to argue ChatGPT traffic alone isn't yet enough, framing ACP readiness as preparation rather than urgency.
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ExploreCarbon· 2025The ChatGPT E-Commerce Revolution Will Be…Delayed: What $20 Billion in Sales Data Really Shows
An analysis using the study's $20-billion dataset to push back on inflated conversion claims, arguing AI-driven shopping materially underperforms traditional channels — its "revolution delayed" thesis.
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Trimontium· 2025Is Google Going to Have the Last Laugh? AI's Search Impact
An analysis using the study to argue organic search stays dominant, highlighting its "verification behavior" finding — shoppers follow AI suggestions but return to Google to confirm.
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PremiumDigital· 2025Czy ChatGPT to „zabójca Google" w e-commerce? To badanie studzi emocje
A Polish analysis that poses the "Google killer" question and answers it with the study's data: ChatGPT beats only paid social across the financial metrics.
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Algomera· 2025ChatGPT e-commerce: basse conversioni secondo Kaiser-Schulze
An Italian report on the study headlined "the great disappointment of ChatGPT in e-commerce," citing the affiliate and organic-search conversion gaps.
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ImaginePro· 2025Why ChatGPT Shoppers Aren't Buying Yet
An analysis of the study centering the consumer-trust explanation for weak ChatGPT conversion, and pointing to OpenAI's Instant Checkout as a prospective fix.
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Ark Advance· 2025ChatGPT vs Google: $20B Study Shows Surprising Results
An AI-marketing advisory piece built around the study, walking through why ChatGPT referrals still convert below Google despite rapid growth — and what brands should do about it now.
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HelloMartin· 2025Maximize Conversions from ChatGPT Traffic: Key Insights for E-commerce
A conversion-focused e-commerce guide that draws on the study to explain why ChatGPT traffic converts below other channels, then lays out tactics to capture more of it.
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NineTwoThree· 2025Apps in ChatGPT: Higher Conversions or Lost Users?
A strategy piece on ChatGPT "Apps" that cites the study's sub-0.2% traffic share and conversion gaps to argue the channel's commercial impact is still limited — and to weigh whether in-chat apps will change that.
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jGrab· 2025まだChatGPTトラフィックからの売上は高くない
A Tokyo cross-border-commerce consultancy's explainer leaning on the study to warn Japanese exporters that ChatGPT brings traffic but few buyers, with a Japan-specific verdict that domestic sellers can wait while cross-border merchants cannot.
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Alex Garcia· 2025Sales Conversion and ChatGPT Searches
A marketing commentary that sets the study against Similarweb's conflicting figures, citing its finding that ChatGPT converts below organic search to argue the AI-traffic picture is more contested than the headlines suggest.
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Afrana Marketing· 2025Los retos de la IA en el ecommerce: ChatGPT genera tráfico, pero aún no ventas
A Spanish-language e-commerce feature that draws on the study to argue consumer distrust is the main barrier to generative-AI sales, reporting ChatGPT referrals convert 86% below affiliate links and ~13% below organic search despite high engagement, while improving monthly.
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Alanna & Company· 2025Study reveals e-commerce sites are seeing low sales from traffic generated by ChatGPT
An e-commerce performance feature that reports on the study to explain why ChatGPT drives visits but converts below traditional channels except paid social, framing trust and OpenAI's Instant Checkout as the barrier while noting conversion improving over the 12 months.
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PulsePoint Marketing· 2025ChatGPT Is Changing Ecommerce — Yet Trust Remains the Ultimate KPI
A thought-leadership marketing article that draws on the study, based on nearly 1,000 e-commerce sites over 12 months, to argue ChatGPT is reshaping product discovery but not yet conversion, and reframes trust as the decisive KPI brands must win to close that gap.
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Unique Logo Designs· 2025The AI Traffic Lie: Why ChatGPT E-Commerce Referrals Are Failing to Live Up to the Hype
An e-commerce marketing analysis that draws on the study to debunk the hype that ChatGPT referrals outperform search, highlighting that organic-LLM traffic is under ~0.2% of sessions and converts below nearly every channel, with affiliate 86% higher.
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Synolia· 2025De l'UX à l'AX : comment préparer votre site e-commerce à l'ère des agents IA ?
A French e-commerce-agency guide that draws on the study to frame AI shopping agents (ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity) as a new acquisition channel whose conversion still trails traditional channels but keeps growing, then lays out three steps to make a site "AX-ready" for agents.
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AffMaven· 2025Referencias de comercio electrónico de ChatGPT: ¡El secreto del tráfico generado por IA al descubierto!
A Spanish-language affiliate-marketing post that reads the study's AI-traffic findings through a performance-marketing lens, leading with the 86% affiliate conversion gap over ChatGPT referrals and noting organic-LLM traffic is only ~0.2% of sessions despite drawing engaged, high-intent visitors.
Research & institutions 13
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IFH Köln· 2026ChatGPT als Akquisitionskanal – Wie stark ist „Organic LLM Traffic" wirklich?
A research-institute assessment that uses the study to gauge how strong "organic LLM traffic" really is as an acquisition channel, concluding it still trails established channels but is gaining ground.
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Tech Xplore· 2026Where ChatGPT already works in online shopping—and where it does not
A science-news report on the study that splits the verdict by product type — ChatGPT already adds value for complex, information-heavy purchases but lags most channels for simple ones — noting LLM traffic under 0.2% and a rising conversion trend.
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idw – Informationsdienst Wissenschaft· 2026New study: Where ChatGPT already works in online shopping – and where it does not
The official Frankfurt School press release on the idw science-news wire, framing where ChatGPT already works in online shopping (complex, information-heavy purchases) and where it doesn't (simple products), with LLM traffic under 0.2% and conversion trending up.
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Fintech Brainfood· 2026AI Checkout is Becoming a Reality
A fintech analysis of agentic-commerce standards (the Universal Commerce Protocol and rival checkout specs) that, weighing whether the category is working yet, turns to the study to temper the hype, noting organic-LLM traffic is still ~0.2% of sessions and converts below nearly every traditional channel.
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PR-Web· 2026New study: Where ChatGPT already works in online shopping – and where it does not
The study's Frankfurt School press release carried on the PR-Web newswire — ChatGPT can already help with complex, information-heavy purchases but lags most channels for simple products, at under 0.2% of traffic with conversion rising.
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Research in Germany· 2026New study: Where ChatGPT already works in online shopping – and where it does not
A placement on the German government's official portal for promoting its science worldwide, carrying the study's measured verdict to an international audience: ChatGPT already creates value for complex, information-intensive purchases while staying limited for simple ones.
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The Sentinel Current· 2026ChatGPT Yet to Challenge Traditional Online Shopping Channels, Study Finds
An independent newsletter analysis that draws on the study to argue ChatGPT has yet to challenge traditional online shopping channels, reporting that LLM referrals account for under ~0.2% of sessions and trail every major channel except paid social, while AI proves most useful for complex purchases.
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ResponseSource· 2026Where ChatGPT already works in online shopping – and where it does not
A press-release announcement of the study reporting that across 973 sites and $20 billion in revenue ChatGPT already adds value for complex, information-heavy products yet lags most channels for simple ones, with LLM traffic under ~0.2% of sessions and conversion rising.
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Frankfurt School of Finance & Management· 2026Neue Studie: Wo ChatGPT im Online-Shopping schon heute funktioniert – und wo nicht
A business-school news feature presenting the study, which pushes past 'Google-killer' hype to show where ChatGPT has substance: across 973 sites and $20 billion in revenue, it delivers the most value for complex, information-heavy purchases.
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Nieman Lab· 2025ChatGPT drives traffic to e-commerce sites, but not many sales
A journalism-foundation media-watch capsule that cites the study in its "What We're Reading" column, flagging its central finding that ChatGPT referral traffic converts far worse than traditional channels such as Google Search, email, and affiliate links.
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University of Hamburg Business School· 2025ChatGPT-Weiterleitungen zu E-Commerce-Websites: Sind LLMs leistungsstärker als herkömmliche Kanäle?
A university research summary of the study, reporting ChatGPT referrals generate fewer sales than traditional channels across the dataset, with LLM traffic improving but no full parity to organic search expected within a year.
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Ecommerce Institut· 2025ChatGPT im E-Commerce: Traffic-Boost ohne Conversion-Wunder
A research-body report turning the study into retailer guidance, noting the ~13% gap to organic search and that AI-referred visitors bypass the usual trust-building journey.
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GPT-Chatbot· 2025ChatGPT сохраняет лидирующие позиции в трафике чат-ботов с ИИ с долей 66%
An AI-chatbot-market year-end roundup that draws on the study within its e-commerce discussion, noting ChatGPT traffic converted below every major digital channel except paid social across 12 months of first-party data from 973 sites with $20 billion in combined revenue, though with favorable bounce rates.
No reports match those filters.
For journalists
Covering this research
Organic LLM traffic — shoppers who reach an e-commerce website through ChatGPT rather than search, ads, email, or social — is, one year in, a small but fast-improving channel: under 0.2% of visits, converting and earning per session below every traditional channel except paid social, and running higher-intent for complex, considered purchases.
Key facts
- First large-scale empirical study of organic LLM (oLLM) traffic to e-commerce.
- Data: 973 e-commerce websites, ~$20 billion in combined revenue, 164M+ purchases, 50,000+ ChatGPT-referred transactions (Aug 2024 – Jul 2025).
- ChatGPT is 90%+ of all LLM-referred sessions; oLLM is under 0.2% of all visits.
- oLLM converts and earns per session below all traditional channels except paid social.
- It improved over the year and runs higher-intent for complex products, where it already out-converts several channels (~4.6× higher traffic share there).
How to cover it
- Frame it as a small, fast-improving channel that runs higher-intent for complex products — not "AI doesn't work for commerce," but also not "high-intent across the board."
- The headline is the channel comparison; the forward-looking angle is steady improvement.
- "E-commerce websites" here is broad — 24 categories spanning retail, but also finance, travel, vehicles, business services, and law & government — not just online shops.
- It measures ChatGPT referrals to e-commerce websites (organic LLM traffic) — distinct from on-platform features like Instant Checkout or paid ads.
- Peer-reviewed and published in Marketing Science (INFORMS), 2026. DOI 10.1287/mksc.2025.0489.
Download
Research paper
The full manuscript — all sections, tables, and figures.
PDFPress fact sheet
One page: the finding, key facts, accurate framing, and contacts.
PNGHeadline chart
Conversion rate by channel, relative to organic LLM traffic.
MarkdownFull text (LLM-readable)
The complete paper in Markdown — easy to read, cite, and ingest.
Contact
Both authors are available for interviews in English and German.
Maximilian Kaiser
University of Hamburg · Grips Intelligence
Christian Schulze
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management
email@christian-schulze.de · LinkedIn · Faculty page · Photo